介绍
在 CAS 数据库中，索引项的摘要文本、关键词短语和文本修饰短语中的术语会自动生成某些缩写和首字母缩略词。大多数缩写在 1982 年之前就已使用。用户需要了解此类标准缩写和首字母缩略词，以便在搜索配置文件中使用它们并在文本中识别它们。
在本文档中，共两个列表列出了 CAS 出版物和服务中自动生成的缩写和首字母缩略词。为了引导用户使用需要包含在他们的搜索配置文件中的缩写，列表 A 按缩写的完整术语的字母顺序排列。在线搜索 CAS 缩写词或首字母缩略词时，请勿使用句点。为了解释文本中遇到的缩写，列表 B 按缩写和首字母缩略词的字母顺序排列。
此网页上包含的示例和列表：
- 以“-ology”结尾的一些术语的示例，缩写为“-ol”。
- 以“-ography”结尾的一些术语的示例，缩写为“-og”。
- 一些常见前缀术语的缩写
- 在 STN 上自动检索 CAS 缩写
- "设置缩写打开”以检索 CAS 缩写
- 在线求助讯息
- 列表 A（按缩写的完整术语的字母顺序排列）——标准缩写和首字母缩略词
- 列表 B（按缩写的完整术语的字母顺序排列）——标准缩写和首字母缩略词
- 计算机可读文件中的字符和符号
- 计算机可读文件中代表希腊字母的规范
- 计算机可读文件中代表符号的规范
除了专门列为标准缩写和首字母缩略词的术语外，以下类型的单词也会自动生成缩写：
- 通常缩写术语加上前缀而形成的单词也可以进行缩写，例如，“microchem”与“microchemical”。在列表 A 中，左边用＃表示的单词表示那些添加前缀通常会缩写的单词。（请参见，一些常见前缀术语的缩写）
- 以“-ology”或“-ologic(al)(ly)”结尾的单词缩写为“-ol”，例如“geol”表示“geology”。（参见示例）
- 以“-ography”或“-ographic(al)(ly)”结尾的单词缩写为“-og”，例如“chromatog”表示“chromatographic”。（参见示例）
- 通过将“s”加到单数缩写上而形成多个名词缩写，例如"derivs"表示"derivatives"。但有两种特殊情况，用单数缩写以表示单数和复数形式（例如，“equil”表示“equilibrium(s)”）和列表上标有星号 (*) 的单词，其复数不会缩写。
- 需要“s”的动词形式通过在列出的缩写中加上“s”进行缩写，例如“Compd. decomps. on heating" 表示 "Compound decomposes on heating。"
标题中的术语不会自动生成标准缩写和首字母缩略词。但是，标题中可能会出现作者使用的缩写。
除了标准的、自动生成的缩写和首字母缩略词之外，其他首字母缩略词、原子符号（例如 Cl、Sb）和分子式（例如 NaCl）也可用于 CAS 出版物和服务中。
以“-ology”结尾的一些术语的示例，缩写为“-ol”。
anesthesiology limnology
bacteriology meteorology
biology methodology
cardiology morphology
chronology nephrology
cytology neurology
dermatology oncology
ecology ophthalmology
endocrinology pathology
enzymology petrology
epidemiology pharmacology
etiology physiology
gastroenterology radiology
geology rheology
gynecology sedimentology
hematology serology
histology technology
homology teratology
hydrology topology
immunology virology
缩写“-ol” 也可以应用于形容词形式，如“pharmacologic(al)”、副词形式，如 “pharmacologically” 以及前缀形式，如以“-ology”结尾的术语“neuropharmacology”。
以“-ography”结尾的一些术语的示例，缩写为“-og”：
angiography metallography bibliography micrography biography oceanography cardiography petrography cholecystography photography chromatography planography crystallography polarography derivatography radiography electroencephalography reprography electrography spectrography fractography thermography fragmentography tomography geography topography holography xerography lithography
缩写“-og” 也可以应用于形容词形式，如“geographic(al)”、副词形式，如 “geographically” 以及前缀形式，如以“-ography”结尾的术语“paleogeography”。
一些常见前缀术语的缩写 *
anal. (analysis) electroanal. immunoanal. microanal. radioanal. thermoanal. at. [atomic(al)(ly)] diat. interat. monoat. polyat. tetraat. triat. chem. [chemical(ly), chemistry] agrochem. biochem. cytochem. electrochem. geochem. histochem. immunochem. neurochem. petrochem. photochem. physicochem. radiochem. spectrochem. thermochem. clin. [clinic(al)(ly)] preclin. Subclin. cond. (conductivity) electrocond. magnetocond. photocond. semicond. supercond. thermocond. crystn. (crystallization) cocrystn. electrocrystn. recrystn. decompn. (decomposition) photodecompn. degrdn. (degradation) biodegrdn. photodegrdn. thermodegrdn. detn. (determination) immunodetn. microdetn. dissocn. (dissociation) photodissocn. predissocn. elec. [electric(al)(ly)] acoustoelec. bioelec. dielec. ferroelec. isoelec. paraelec. photodielec. photoelec. piezoelec. pyroelec. thermoelec. equil. (equilibrium) disequil. nonequil. preequil. extn. (extraction) coextn. electroextn. reextn. Hb (hemoglobin) cargonylHb carboxyHb deoxyHb ferriHb metHb oxyHb sulfHb irradn. (irradiation) postirradn. preirradn. mech. [mechanic(al)(ly)] biomech. electromech. micromech. photomech. physicomech. thermomech. mol. (molecule, molecular) bimol. intermol. intramol. macromol. monomol. supermol. supramol. turbomol. unimol. org. [organic(ally)] bioinorg. bioorg. chloroorg. electroorg. fluoroorg. inorg. metalloorg. microorg. oxidn. (oxidation) autoxidn. biooxidn. cooxidn. deoxidn. electrooxidn. epoxidn. peroxidn. photooxidn. reoxidn. thermooxidn. pptn. (precipitation) copptn. immunopptn. soly. (solubility) hydrosoly. insoly. liposoly. sym. [symmetry, symmetric(al)(ly)] asym. unsym.
* 参见“标准缩写和首字母缩略词”，列表 A 表示完整的术语列表，如有前缀，通常会缩写。
在 STN 上自动检索 CAS 缩写
在 STN 上的 CAS 书目文件中，例如 CAplus 或 CA，您可以自动检索 CAS 缩写。只需在箭头提示下输入命令“设置缩写打开”和“设置复数打开”。
“设置缩写打开”时，将为“基本索引”中搜索的所有术语或组成“基本索引”的特定字段生成缩写。若找到任何缩写，则会弹出单独通知行。当您“设置复数打开”时，您还会自动检索多个缩写。
“设置缩写”默认为“关闭”。若要在会话中包含所有“搜索”和“查询”命令的缩写，请在箭头提示下输入“设置缩写打开”。若要保留当前会话之外的“打开”设置，请输入“设置缩写打开执行”。
并非所有 CAS 标准缩写都可用于“设置缩写”。大多数单位和多字术语的 CAS 缩写已被删除，以便将误报和不相关检索降至最低。若要查看添加缩写的术语列表，请在文件中的箭头提示 (=>) 处输入“求助缩写”。有关此“设置”命令的更多信息，请在箭头提示下输入“求助设置缩写”。
"设置缩写打开”以检索 CAS 缩写
=> 设置缩写打开执行 设置命令完成
=> 设置复数打开执行 设置命令完成
=> S PRECIPITAT? 35280 PRECIPITAT?
75559 PPT
30694 PPTS
98131 PPT
(PPT OR PPTS) 59648 PPTD
2 PPTDS
59648 PPTD
(PPTD OR PPTDS)
13101 PPTG
131576 PPTN 1980 PPTNS
132847 PPTN
(PPTN OR PPTNS)
L1 258048 PRECIPITAT? PRECIPITAT? OR PPT OR PPTD OR PPTG OR PPTN)
在线求助讯息
=> 文件数据库 => 求助缩写 当您“设置缩写打开”时，若在“基本索引”或组成“基本索引”的特定字段中搜索术语或包含所列术语的截断词干，则以下列表中的术语会自动生成缩写。示例： => 设置缩写打开 设置命令完成 => S CONCENTRAT? 149313 CONCENTRAT? 50824 CONC 115142 CONCD 9541 CONCG 1035004 CONCN L2 1221846 CONCENTRAT? (CONCENTRAT? OR CONC OR CONCD OR CONCG OR CONCN) 有关此“设置”选项的更多信息，请在箭头提示 (=>) 下输入“求助设置缩写”。有关“基本索引”中的字段列表，请在此文件的箭头提示处输入“HELP SFIELDS”。ABSOLUTE DILUTED PRECIPITATE ABSTRACT DILUTING PRECIPITATED ADDITION DILUTION PRECIPITATING ADDITIONAL DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE PRECIPITATION ADDITIONALLY DISSOCIATE PREPARATION ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN DISSOCIATED PREPARE ALCOHOL DISSOCIATING PREPARED ALCOHOLIC DISSOCIATION PREPARING ALIPHATIC DISTILLATION PRODUCTION ALKALINE DISTILLED PROPYL ALKALINITY DISTILLING PURIFICATION DECOMPOSING ORGANIC FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE DECOMPOSITION OXIDATION FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE DEGRADATION PHENYL INHIBITORY DOSE DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE PHYSICAL LETHAL DOSE DERIVATIVE PHYSICALLY LUTEINIZING HORMONE DETERMINATION POLYMERIZATION NICOTINAMIDE MONONUCLEOTIDE DETERMINE POLYMERIZED NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE DETERMINED POLYMERIZING NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE DETERMINING POSITIVE RIBONUCLEIC ACID DIAMETER POSITIVELY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY DILUTE POWDERED UV PHOTOELECTRON
列表 A
absolute abs. abstract abstr. #addition addn. additional(ly) addnl. adenosine 5'-diphosphate ADP adenosine 5'-monophosphate AMP adenosine triphosphatase ATPase adenosine 5'-triphosphate ATP adrenocorticotropin ACTH #alcohol(ic) alc. #aliphatic aliph. alkaline alk. alkalinity* alky. all valence electron AVE alternating current a.c. amount amt. ampere (unit) A #analysis* anal. #analytical(y) anal. angstrom unit ** anhydrous anhyd. apparatus app. approximate(ly) approx. approximation approxn. #aqueous aq. #aromatic arom. associate assoc. associated assocd. associating assocg. #association assocn. asymmetric(al)(ly) asym. atmosphere (unit) atm. atmospheric atm. #atomic at. atomic mass unit amu atomic orbital AO augmented plane wave APW average av. Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer BCS barrel (unit) bbl becquerel (unit) Bq billion electron volts (unit) GeV biochemical oxygen demand BOD body centered cubic bcc. Bohr magneton (unit) mB** boiling point b.p. British thermal unit Btu bushel (unit) bu butyl (normal) Bu #calculate calc. #calculated calcd. #calculating calcg. #calcul calcn. calorie (unit) cal carboxymethyl cellulose CM- cellulose #chemical(ly) chem. chemical oxygen demand COD chemically pure CP #chemistry chem. circular dichroism CD #clinical(ly) clin. coefficient coeff. #coenzyme A CoA coherent potential approximation CPA commercial(ly) com. complete neglect of differential overlap CNDO composition compn. compound compd. concanavalin A ConA #concentrate conc. #concentrated concd. #concentrating concg. #concentration concn. #conductivity* cond. configuration interaction CI constant const. containing contg. corrected cor. coulomb (unit) C coupled electron pair approximation CEPA #critical crit. #crystalline cryst. crystallisation crystn crystallised crystd crystallising crystg #crystallization crystn. #crystallized crystd. #crystallizing crystg. cubic feet per minute (unit) cfm curie (unit) Ci current density c.d. cyclic AMP cAMP cyclic GMP cGMP cytidine 5'-diphosphate CDP cytidine 5'-monophosphate CMP cytidine 5'-triphosphate CTP debye unit D decompose decomp. decomposed decompd. decomposing decompg. #decomposition decompn. #degradation degrdn. degree Celsius centigrade (unit) C** degree Fahrenheit (unit) F** degree Kelvin K degree of polymerization d.p. density d. deoxyribonuclease DNase deoxyribonucleic acid DNA derivative deriv. #determination detn. determine det. #determined detd. determining detg. diameter diam. diatomics-in-molecules DIM diethylaminoethyl cellulose DEAE-cellulose ifferential thermal analysis DTA dilute dil. diluted dild. diluting dilg. dilution diln. dimethylformamide DMF diphosphopyridine nucleotide NAD direct current d.c. disintegrations per minute (unit) dpm dissociate dissoc. dissociated dissocd. dissociating dissocg. #dissociation dissocn. #distillation distn. #distilled distd. #distilling distg. effective dose ED #electric(al)(ly) elec. electrocardiogram ECG electroencephalogram EEG electromagnetic unit emu electromotive force emf. electron paramagnetic resonance ESR electron spin resonance ESR electron volt (unit) eV electrostatic unit esu enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA #equilibrium(s) equil. equivalent (unit) equiv. #equivalent equiv. especially esp. estimate est. estimated estd. estimating estg. estimation estn. ethyl Et ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA evaporate evap. evaporated evapd. evaporating evapg. evaporation evapn. #examination examn. #examined examd. #examining examg. experiment expt. experimental(ly) exptl. extended Hueckel molecular orbital EHMO extract ext. extracted extd. extracting extg. #extraction extn. face centered cubic fcc. farad (unit) F fermentation fermn. flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD flavin mononucleotide FMN floating spherical Gaussian orbital FSGO foot (unit) ft foot-pound (unit) ft-lb follicle-stimulating hormone FSH freezing point f.p. gallon (unit) gal gauss (unit) G Gaussian-type orbital GTO gram (unit) g gravitational constant g gray (absorbed radiation dose) (unit) Gy 5'-monophosphate GMP guanosine 5'-triphosphate GTP hectare ha henry H #hemoglobin Hb hertz (cycles/sec) (unit) Hz hexagonal close-packed hcp. highest occupied molecular orbital HOMO hour (unit) h Hueckel molecular orbital HMO hundredweight (unit) cwt hydrogenic atoms in molecules HAM immunoglobulin Ig inch (unit) in. independent electron pair approximation IEPA infrared IR inhibitory dose ID inosine 5'-diphosphate IDP inosine 5'-monophosphate IMP inosine 5'-triphosphate ITP intermediate neglect of differential overlap INDO international unit IU interstitial cell-stimulating hormone ICSH intramuscular(ly) i.m. intraperitoneal(ly) i.p. intravenous(ly) i.v. #irradiation irradn. iterative extended Hueckel molecular orbital IEHMO joule (unit) J kelvin (unit) K laboratory lab. lethal dose LD linear combination of atomic orbitals LCAO linear combination of fragment configuration LCFC liquid liq. liter (unit) L low energy electron diffraction LEED lowest unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO lumen (unit) lm luteinizing hormone LH lux (unit) lx magnetohydrodynamics MHD manufacture manuf. manufactured manufd. manufacturing manufg. mathematical(ly) math. maximum(s) max. maxwell (unit) Mx #mechanical(ly) mech. melanocyte-stimulating hormone MSH melting at m. melting point m.p. melts at m. messenger RNA mRNA metabolism metab. meter (unit) m methyl Me mile (unit) mi miles per hour (unit) mph minimum(s) min. minute (unit) min miscellaneous misc. #mixture mixt. modified neglect of diatomic overlap MNDO molal (unit) m molar (unit) M mole (unit) mol #molecular mol. molecular orbital MO #molecule mol. molecules-in-molecules MIM month (unit) mo. multiconfigurational self-consistent field MC-SCF #negative(ly) neg. neglect of diatomic differential overlap NDDO neglect of nonbonded differential overlap NNDO nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP nicotinamide mononucleotide NMN nuclear magnetic resonance NMR nuclear quadrupole resonance NQR number no. observed obsd. oersted (unit) Oe ohm (unit) O ** optical rotatory dispersion ORD #organic org. ounce (unit) oz #oxidation oxidn. Pariser-Parr-Pople PPP partial neglect of differential overlap PNDO parts per billion (unit) ppb parts per million (unit) ppm pascal (unit) Pa perturbational molecular orbital PMO phenyl Ph #physical(ly) phys. pint (unit) pt poise (unit) P polymerisation polymn polymerised polymd polymerising polymg #polymerization polymn. #polymerized polymd. #polymerizing polymg. #positive(ly) pos. potential difference p.d. pound (unit) lb pounds per square inch (unit) psi pounds per square inch absolute (unit) psia pounds per square inch gage (unit) psig #powdered powd. #precipitate ppt. #precipitated pptd. #precipitating pptg. #precipitation pptn. preparation prepn. prepare prep. prepared prepd. preparing prepg. #production prodn. propyl (normal) Pr #purification purifn. qualitative(ly) qual. #quantitative(ly) quant. quart (unit) qt radioimmunoassay RIA random phase approximation RPA #reduction redn. reference ref. reflection high energy electron diffraction RHEED reproduction reprodn. resolution resoln. #respective(ly) resp. respiratory quotient RQ restricted Hartree-Fock RHF revolutions per minute (unit) rpm ribonuclease RNase ribonucleic acid RNA ribosomal RNA rRNA roentgen (unit) R roentgen equivalent man (unit) rem roentgen equivalent physical (unit) rep saponification sapon. saponified sapond. saponifying sapong. saturate sat. #saturated satd. saturated calomel electrode SCE saturating satg. #saturation satn. scanning electron microscopy SEM second (unit) s self-consistent field SCF separate(ly) sep. separated sepd. separating sepg. separation sepn. siemens (unit) S Slater-type orbital STO #solubility* soly. #soluble sol. #solution soln. specific gravity sp. gr. specific volume sp. vol. specific weight sp. wt. standard std. steradian (unit) sr stokes (unit) St subcutaneous(ly) s.c. #symmetric(al)(ly) sym. tablespoon (unit) tbs teaspoon (unit) tsp #technical(ly) tech. temperature temp. tesla (unit) T tetrahydrofuran THF theoretical(ly) theor. thermodynamic(s) thermodn. thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH titration titrn. triethylaminoethyl cellulose TEAE-cellulose triphosphopyridine nucleotide NADP ultraviolet UV United States Pharmacopeia USP unrestricted Hartree-Fock UHF uridine 5'-diphosphate UDP uridine 5'-monophosphate UMP uridine 5'-triphosphate UTS UV photoelectron spectroscopy UPS volt (unit) V volume vol. watt (unit) W weber (unit) Wb week (unit) wk weight wt. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS yard (unit) yd year (unit) yr zero differential overlap ZDO
* 术语的复数不能通过添加“s”进行自动缩写。
# 如有前缀，这些词通常会缩写。例如，请参阅列表 A 之前的“一些常见前缀术语的缩写”列表。
** 有关计算机可读文件中的表示，请参阅“计算机可读文件中字符和符号列表”。
列表 B
|
A |
ampere (unit) |
|
angstrom (unit) |
|
|
abs. |
absolute |
|
abstr. |
abstract |
|
a.c. |
alternating current |
|
ACTH |
adrenocorticotropin |
|
addn. |
addition |
|
addnl. |
additional(ly) |
|
ADP |
adenosine 5'-diphosphate |
|
alc. |
alcohol(ic) |
|
aliph. |
aliphatic |
|
alk. |
alkaline |
|
alky. |
alkalinity |
|
AMP |
adenosine 5'-monophosphate |
|
amt. |
amount |
|
amu |
atomic mass unit |
|
anal. |
analysis, analytical(ly) |
|
anhyd. |
anhydrous |
|
AO |
atomic orbital |
|
app. |
apparatus |
|
approx. |
approximate(ly) |
|
approxn. |
approximation |
|
APW |
augmented plane wave |
|
aq. |
aqueous |
|
arom. |
aromatic |
|
assoc. |
associate |
|
assocd. |
associated |
|
assocg. |
associating |
|
assocn. |
association |
|
asym. |
asymmetric(al)(ly) |
|
at. |
atomic |
|
atm |
atmosphere (unit) |
|
atm. |
atmospheric |
|
ATP |
adenosine 5'-triphosphate |
|
ATPase |
adenosine triphosphatase |
|
av. |
average |
|
AVE |
all valence electron |
|
bbl |
barrel (unit) |
|
bcc. |
body centered cubic |
|
BCS |
bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer |
|
BOD |
biochemical oxygen demand |
|
b.p. |
boiling point |
|
Bq |
becquerel (unit) |
|
Btu |
British thermal unit |
|
Bu |
butyl (normal) |
|
bu |
bushel (unit) |
|
mB |
Bohr magneton (unit) |
|
C |
coulomb (unit) |
|
C |
degree Celsius (centigrade) (unit) |
|
cal |
calorie (unit) |
|
calc. |
calculate |
|
calcd. |
calculated |
|
calcg. |
calculating |
|
calcn. |
calculation |
|
cAMP |
cyclic AMP |
|
c.d. |
current density |
|
CD |
circular dichroism |
|
CDP |
cytidine 5'-diphosphate |
|
CEPA |
coupled electron pair approximation |
|
cfm |
cubic feet per minute (unit) |
|
cGMP |
cyclic GMP |
|
chem. |
chemical(ly), chemistry |
|
CI |
configuration interaction |
|
Ci |
curie (unit) |
|
clin. |
clinical(ly) |
|
CM-cellulose |
carboxymethyl cellulose |
|
CMP |
cytidine 5'-monophosphate |
|
CNDO |
complete neglect of differential overlap |
|
CoA |
coenzyme A |
|
COD |
chemical oxygen demand |
|
coeff. |
coefficient |
|
com. |
commercial(ly) |
|
compd. |
compound |
|
compn. |
composition |
|
ConA |
concanavalin A |
|
conc. |
concentrate |
|
concd. |
concentrated |
|
concg. |
concentrating |
|
concn. |
concentration |
|
cond. |
conductivity |
|
const. |
constant |
|
contg. |
containing |
|
cor. |
corrected |
|
CP |
chemically pure |
|
CPA |
coherent potential approximation |
|
crit. |
critical |
|
cryst. |
crystalline |
|
crystd |
crystallised |
|
crystg |
crystallising |
|
crystn |
crystallisation |
|
crystd. |
crystallized |
|
crystg. |
crystallizing |
|
crystn. |
crystallization |
|
CTP |
cytidine 5'-triphosphate |
|
cwt |
hundred weight (unit) |
|
D |
debye unit |
|
d. |
density |
|
d.c. |
direct current |
|
DEAE-cellulose |
diethylaminoethyl cellulose |
|
decomp. |
decompose |
|
decompd. |
decomposed |
|
decompg. |
decomposing |
|
decompn. |
decomposition |
|
degrdn. |
degradation |
|
deriv. |
derivative |
|
det. |
determine |
|
detd. |
determined |
|
detg. |
determining |
|
detn. |
determination |
|
diam. |
diameter |
|
dil. |
dilute |
|
dild. |
diluted |
|
dilg. |
diluting |
|
diln. |
dilution |
|
DIM |
diatomics-in-molecules |
|
dissoc. |
dissociate |
|
dissocd. |
dissociated |
|
dissocg. |
dissociating |
|
dissocn. |
dissociation |
|
distd. |
distilled |
|
distg. |
distilling |
|
distn. |
distillation |
|
DMF |
dimethylformamide |
|
DMSO |
dimethyl sulfoxide |
|
DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
|
DNase |
deoxyribonuclease |
|
d.p. |
degree of polymerization |
|
dpm |
disintegrations per minute (unit) |
|
DTA |
differential thermal analysis |
|
ECG |
electrocardiogram |
|
ED |
effective dose |
|
EDTA |
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
|
EEG |
electroencephalogram |
|
EHMO |
extended Hueckel molecular orbital |
|
elec. |
electric(al)(ly) |
|
ELISA |
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
|
emf. |
electromotive force |
|
emu |
electromagnetic unit |
|
equil. |
equilibrium |
|
equiv |
equivalent (unit) |
|
equiv. |
equivalent |
|
esp. |
especially |
|
ESR |
electron spin resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance |
|
est. |
estimate |
|
estd. |
estimated |
|
estg. |
estimating |
|
estn. |
estimation |
|
esu |
electrostatic unit |
|
Et |
ethyl |
|
eV |
electron volt (unit) |
|
evap. |
evaporate |
|
evapd. |
evaporated |
|
evapg. |
evaporating |
|
evapn. |
evaporation |
|
examd. |
examined |
|
examg. |
examining |
|
examn. |
examination |
|
expt. |
experiment |
|
exptl. |
experimental(ly) |
|
ext. |
extract |
|
extd. |
extracted |
|
extg. |
extracting |
|
extn. |
extraction |
|
F |
farad |
|
F |
degree Fahrenheit (unit) |
|
FAD |
flavin adenine dinucleotide |
|
fcc. |
face centered cubic |
|
fermn. |
fermentation |
|
FMN |
flavin mononucleotide |
|
f.p. |
freezing point |
|
FSGO |
floating spherical Gaussian orbital |
|
FSH |
follicle-stimulating hormone |
|
ft |
foot (unit) |
|
ft-lb |
foot-pound (unit) |
|
g |
gram (unit) |
|
g |
gravitational constant |
|
G |
gauss (unit) |
|
gal |
gallon (unit) |
|
GDP |
guanosine 5'-diphosphate |
|
GeV |
billion electron volts (unit) |
|
GMP |
guanosine 5'-monophosphate |
|
GTO |
Gaussian-type orbital |
|
GTP |
guanosine 5'-triphosphate |
|
Gy |
gray (absorbed radiation dose) (unit) |
|
h |
hour (unit) |
|
H |
henry (unit) |
|
ha |
hectare (unit) |
|
HAM |
hydrogenic atoms in molecules |
|
Hb |
hemoglobin |
|
hcp |
hexagonal close-packed |
|
HMO |
Hueckel molecular orbital |
|
HOMO |
highest occupied molecular orbital |
|
Hz |
hertz (cycles/sec) (unit) |
|
ICSH |
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone |
|
ID |
inhibitory dose |
|
IDP |
inosine 5'-diphosphate |
|
IEHMO |
iterative extended Hueckel molecular orbital |
|
IEPA |
independent electron pair approximation |
|
Ig |
immunoglobulin |
|
i.m. |
intramuscular(ly) |
|
IMP |
inosine 5'-monophosphate |
|
in. |
inch (unit) |
|
INDO |
intermediate neglect of differential overlap |
|
i.p. |
intraperitoneal(ly) |
|
IR |
infrared |
|
irradn. |
irradiation |
|
ITP |
inosine 5'-triphosphate |
|
IU |
international unit |
|
i.v. |
intravenous(ly) |
|
J |
joule (unit) |
|
K |
kelvin (unit) |
|
L |
liter (unit) |
|
lab. |
laboratory |
|
lb |
pound (unit) |
|
LCAO |
linear combination of atomic orbitals |
|
LCFC |
linear combination of fragment configuration |
|
LD |
lethal dose |
|
LEED |
low energy electron diffraction |
|
LH |
luteinizing hormone |
|
liq. |
liquid |
|
lm |
lumen (unit) |
|
LUMO |
lowest unoccupied molecular orbital |
|
lx |
lux (unit) |
|
m |
meter (unit) |
|
m |
olal (unit) |
|
M |
molar (unit) |
|
m. |
melts at, melting at |
|
manuf. |
manufacture |
|
manufd. |
manufactured |
|
manufg. |
manufacturing |
|
math. |
mathematical(ly) |
|
max. |
maximum |
|
MC-SCF |
multiconfigurational self-consistent field |
|
Me |
methyl (not metal) |
|
mech. |
mechanical(ly) (not mechanism) |
|
metab. |
metabolism |
|
MHD |
magnetohydrodynamics |
|
mi |
mile (unit) |
|
MIM |
molecules-in-molecules |
|
min |
minute (unit) |
|
min. |
minimum(s) |
|
misc. |
miscellaneous |
|
mixt. |
mixture |
|
MNDO |
modified neglect of diatomic overlap |
|
mo |
month (unit) |
|
MO |
molecular orbital |
|
mol |
mole (unit) |
|
mol. |
molecule, molecular |
|
m.p. |
melting point |
|
mph |
miles per hour (unit) |
|
mRNA |
messenger RNA |
|
MSH |
melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
|
Mx |
maxwell (unit) |
|
NAD |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
|
NADP |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
|
NDDO |
neglect of diatomic differential overlap |
|
neg. |
negative(ly) |
|
NMN |
nicotinamide mononucleotide |
|
NMR |
nuclear magnetic resonance |
|
NNDO |
neglect of nonbonded differential overlap |
|
no. |
number |
|
NQR |
nuclear quadruple resonance |
|
obsd. |
observed |
|
Oe |
oersted (unit) |
|
O |
ohm (unit) |
|
ORD |
optical rotatory dispersion |
|
org. |
organic |
|
oxidn. |
oxidation |
|
oz |
ounce |
|
P |
poise (unit) |
|
Pa |
pascal (unit) |
|
p.d. |
potential difference |
|
Ph |
phenyl |
|
phys. |
physical(ly) |
|
PMO |
perturbational molecular orbital |
|
PNDO |
partial neglect of differential overlap |
|
polymd |
polymerised |
|
polymg |
polymerising |
|
polymn |
polymerisation |
|
polymd. |
polymerized |
|
polymg. |
polymerizing |
|
polymn. |
polymerization |
|
pos. |
positive(ly) |
|
powd. |
powdered |
|
ppb |
parts per billion (unit) |
|
ppm |
parts per million (unit) |
|
PPP |
Pariser-Parr-Pople |
|
ppt. |
precipitate |
|
pptd. |
precipitated |
|
pptg. |
precipitating |
|
pptn. |
precipitation |
|
Pr |
propyl (normal) |
|
prep. |
prepare |
|
prepd. |
prepared |
|
prepg. |
preparing |
|
prepn. |
preparation |
|
prodn. |
production |
|
psi |
pounds per square inch (unit) |
|
psia |
pounds per square inch absolute (unit) |
|
psig |
pounds per square inch gage (unit) |
|
pt |
pint (unit) |
|
purifn. |
purification |
|
qt |
quart (unit) |
|
qual. |
Qualitative(ly) |
|
quant. |
quantitative(ly) |
|
R |
roentgen (unit) |
|
redn. |
reduction |
|
ref. |
reference |
|
rem |
roentgen equivalent man (unit) |
|
rep |
roentgen equivalent physical (unit) |
|
reprodn. |
reproduction |
|
resoln. |
resolution |
|
resp. |
respective(ly) |
|
RHEED |
reflection high energy electron diffraction |
|
RHF |
restricted Hartree-Fock |
|
RNA |
ribonucleic acid |
|
RNase |
ribonuclease |
|
RPA |
random phase approximation |
|
rRNA |
ribosomal RNA |
|
rpm |
revolutions per minute (unit) |
|
RQ |
respiratory quotient |
|
s |
second (unit) |
|
S |
siemens (unit) |
|
sapon. |
saponification |
|
sapond. |
saponified |
|
sapong. |
saponifying |
|
sat. |
saturate |
|
satd. |
saturated |
|
satg. |
saturating |
|
satn. |
saturation |
|
s.c. |
subcutaneous(ly) |
|
SCE |
saturated calomel electrode |
|
SCF |
self-consistent field |
|
SEM |
scanning electron microscopy |
|
sep. |
separate(ly) |
|
sepd. |
separated |
|
sepg. |
separating |
|
sepn. |
separation |
|
sol. |
soluble |
|
soln. |
solution |
|
soly. |
solubility |
|
sp. |
gr. specific gravity |
|
sp. |
vol. specific volume |
|
sp. |
wt. specific weight |
|
sr |
steradian (unit) |
|
St |
stokes (unit) |
|
std. |
standard |
|
STO |
Slater-type orbital |
|
sym. |
symmetric(al)(ly) |
|
T |
tesla (unit) |
|
tbs |
tablespoon (unit) |
|
TEAE-cellulose |
triethylaminoethyl cellulose |
|
tech. |
technical(ly) |
|
temp. |
temperature |
|
theor. |
theoretical(ly) |
|
thermodn. |
thermodynamic(s) |
|
THF |
tetrahydrofuran |
|
titrn. |
titration |
|
TSH |
thyroid-stimulating hormone |
|
tsp |
teaspoon (unit) |
|
UDP |
uridine 5'-diphosphate |
|
UHF |
unrestricted Hartree-Fock |
|
UMP |
uridine 5'-monophosphate |
|
UPS |
UV photoelectron spectroscopy |
|
USP |
United States Pharmacopeia |
|
UTP |
uridine 5'-triphosphate |
|
UV |
ultraviolet |
|
V |
volt (unit) |
|
vol. |
volume |
|
W |
watt (unit) |
|
Wb |
weber (unit) |
|
wk |
week (unit) |
|
wt. |
weight |
|
XPS |
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
|
yd |
yard (unit) |
|
yr |
year (unit) |
|
ZDO |
zero differential overlap |
计算机可读文件中的字符和符号
在计算机可读文件中，罗马字母和数字的所有字符的表示方式与 CAS 出版物中的相同。但是，斜体、粗体或小写大写字母等未做特殊标记。另外，上标和下标也未特别标记，出现在一行中。
特殊规范用于表示计算机可读文件中的某些字符和符号。此类规范显示在以下列表中。可在计算机可读文件中搜索一些字符和符号。搜索术语时，使用不带句点的表示。
计算机可读文件中代表希腊字母的规范
|
符号 |
CAS 表示 |
描述 |
|
A |
.ALPHA. |
Alpha |
|
B |
.BETA. |
Beta |
|
Γ |
.GAMMA. |
Gamma |
|
Δ |
.DELTA. |
Delta |
|
E |
.EPSILON. |
Epsilon |
|
Z |
.ZETA. |
Zeta |
|
H |
.ETA. |
Eta |
|
Θ |
.THETA. |
Theta |
|
I |
.IOTA. |
Iota |
|
K |
.KAPPA. |
Kappa |
|
Λ |
.LAMBDA. |
Lambda |
|
M |
.MU. |
Mu |
|
N |
.NU. |
Nu |
|
Ξ |
.XI. |
Xi |
|
Ο |
.OMICRON. |
Omicron |
|
Π |
.PI. |
Pi |
|
P |
.RHO. |
Rho |
|
Σ |
.SIGMA. |
Sigma |
|
T |
.TAU. |
Tau |
|
Y |
.UPSILON. |
Upsilon |
|
Φ |
.PHI. |
Phi |
|
X |
.CHI. |
Chi |
|
Ψ |
.PSI. |
Psi |
|
Ω |
.OMEGA. |
Omega |
|
α |
.alpha. |
Alpha |
|
β |
.beta. |
Beta |
|
γ |
.gamma. |
Gamma |
|
δ |
.delta. |
Delta |
|
∂ |
.vdelta. |
Delta (variant) |
|
ε |
.epsilon. |
Epsilon |
|
ϵ |
.vepsiln. |
Epsilon (variant) |
|
ζ |
.zeta. |
Zeta |
|
η |
.eta. |
Eta |
|
θ |
.theta. |
Theta |
|
ϑ |
.vtheta. |
Theta (variant) |
|
ι |
.iota. |
Iota |
|
κ |
.kappa. |
Kappa |
|
𝛞 |
.vkappa. |
Kappa (variant) |
|
λ |
.lambda. |
Lambda |
|
μ |
.mu. |
Mu |
|
ν |
.nu. |
Nu |
|
ξ |
.xi. |
Xi |
|
ο |
.omicron. |
Omicron |
|
π |
.pi. |
Pi |
|
ϖ |
.vpi. |
Pi (variant) |
|
ρ |
.rho. |
Rho |
|
σ |
.sigma. |
Sigma |
|
ς |
.vsigma. |
Sigma (variant) |
|
τ |
.tau. |
Tau |
|
υ |
.upsilon. |
Upsilon |
|
ϕ |
.phi. |
Phi |
|
φ |
.vphi. |
Phi (variant) |
|
χ |
.chi. |
Chi |
|
ψ |
.psi. |
Psi |
|
ω |
.omega. |
Omega |
计算机可读文件中代表符号的规范
|
符号 |
CAS 表示 |
描述 |
|
Ð |
.angle. |
Angle |
|
Å |
.ANG. |
Angstrom Unit |
|
≜ |
.apprch. |
Approaches |
|
≈ |
.apprxeq. |
Approximately Equal |
|
~ |
.apprx. |
Approximates (similar) |
|
§ |
.bdintg. |
Bounded Integral |
|
□ |
.box. |
Box |
|
• |
.bul. |
Bullet (12 pt. center dot) |
|
¢ |
.cents. |
Cent |
|
× |
.cntdot. |
Center Dot |
|
Ì |
.cntnd. |
Contained in |
|
É |
.cntns. |
Contains |
|
© |
.copyrgt. |
Copyright |
|
Ä |
.crosprd. |
Cross Product |
|
† |
.dag. |
Dagger |
|
- |
- |
Dash/Minus |
|
° |
.degree. |
Degree |
|
Ñ |
.del. |
Del (Nabla) |
|
¸ |
.div. |
Division |
|
⇻ |
.dnreslt. |
Does Not Result in |
|
⇆ |
.dblarw. |
Double Arrow |
|
‡ |
.dbldag. |
Double Dagger |
|
⇋ |
.dblharw. |
Double Half Arrows |
|
‡ |
.++. |
Double Plus |
|
‖ |
.dblvert. |
Double Vertical |
|
¯ |
.dwnarw. |
Down Arrow |
|
→ |
.fwdarw. |
Forward Arrow |
|
↷ |
.fwdcarw. |
Forward Curved Arrow |
|
≥ |
.gtoreq. |
Greater Than or Equal |
|
≳ |
.gtorsim. |
Greater Than or Similar |
|
≡ |
.ident. |
Identity |
|
∞ |
.infin. |
Infinity |
|
∫ |
.intg. |
Integral |
|
Ç |
.intrsec. |
Intersection |
|
◜ |
.ltbbrac. |
Left Broken Bracket |
|
£ |
.ltoreq. |
Less Than or Equal |
|
≲ |
.ltorsim. |
Less Than or Similar |
|
.lbdabar. |
Lambda Bar |
|
|
Î |
.member. |
Member of |
|
∓ |
.-+. |
Minus-Plus |
|
≫ |
.mchgt. |
Much Greater Than |
|
≪ |
.mchlt. |
Much Less Than |
|
Ï |
.notmbr. |
Not a Member of |
|
≠ |
.noteq. |
Not Equal |
|
⊙ |
.sun. |
Of Sun |
|
⠁ |
.ovrhdot. |
Overhead Dot |
|
⁼ |
.ovrhdbr. |
Overhead Double Bar |
|
‰ |
.permill. |
Per Mill |
|
^ |
.perp. |
Perpendicular |
|
h |
.plcnst. |
Planck’s Constant |
|
± |
.+-. |
Plus-Minus |
|
£ |
.pnd. |
Pound Sterling |
|
¢ |
‘ |
Prime/apostrophe |
|
Õ |
.product. |
Product |
|
Ò |
.RTM. |
Registered Trade Mark |
|
← |
.rarw. |
Reverse Arrow |
|
↶ |
.rcarw. |
Reverse Curved Arrow |
|
← |
.rscharw. |
Reverse Surface Chemistry Arrow |
|
◝ |
.rtbbrac. |
Right Broken Bracket |
|
A |
.SCRIPTA. |
Script A |
|
ℬ |
.SCRIPTB. |
Script B |
|
C |
.SCRIPTC. |
Script C |
|
D |
.SCRIPTD. |
Script D |
|
E |
.SCRIPTE. |
Script E |
|
ℱ |
.SCRIPTF. |
Script F |
|
G |
.SCRIPTG. |
Script G |
|
ℌ |
.SCRIPTH. |
Script H |
|
ℒ |
.SCRIPTL. |
Script L |
|
P |
.SCRIPTP. |
Script P |
|
ℜ |
.SCRIPTR. |
Script R |
|
S |
.SCRIPTS. |
Script S |
|
≃ |
.simeq. |
Similar or Equal |
|
√ |
.sqroot. |
Square Root |
|
∑ |
.sum. |
Sum |
|
→ |
.scharw. |
Surface Chemistry Arrow |
|
Å |
.sym. |
Symmetry |
|
« |
.tautm. |
Tautomer |
| ⧧ | .thermod. | Thermodynamics |
|
´ |
.times. |
Times |
|
⁝ |
.tplbond. |
Triple Bond |
|
È |
.union. |
Union |
|
↑ |
.uparw. |
Up Arrow |
|
µ |
.varies. |
Varies |
|
® |
.vector. |
Vector |
|
¯ |
.hivin. |
Vinculum (high) |
|
_ |
.lovin. |
Vinculum (low) |
|
¥ |
.yen. |
Yen |
|
注意：修饰字符（例如，括线）的符号位于字符之前（即 A 变为.hivin.A）。 |
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